Sentence Varieties and Types BBS First Year Business English

 

 Link for Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0bZ8wNfuYA

Sentence varieties

Sentence Varieties: Four basic sentence structures help us construct correct sentences. These sentence structures (forms) are simple, compound, complex and compound-complex sentences. Sentence structures are classified by number and kinds of a clause. The use of sentence structures makes our information interesting. We emphasize an idea by placing an independent clause and de-emphasize placing a dependent clause. For effective communication, we use all four sentence structures. 

Simple sentence

Simple Sentence (https://youtu.be/smgyeUomfyA ) has one main clause ( a single subject and a single predicate). It may contain compound subjects or verbs such as:

  a.      She types the letters. ( Independent Clause)

b.     She and he compose emails for new clients. ( Compound Sub)

c.      She typed and dispatched the emails. (Compound Verb)

Compound Sentence

A compound sentence has two main clauses (independent clauses) with related ideas of equal importance. It joins clauses using coordinating conjunctions such as and, but, so, or. It is a product of two related simple sentences. An Independent clause in a compound sentence is always separated by a comma (,) or by a semicolon (;) such as:

  a.      The Manager chaired the meeting, and he facilitated the discussion.

b.     She has painted the wall, so it looks nice.

Complex Sentence

A complex sentence expresses one main thought (independent clause) and one or more related thoughts (dependent/subordinate clause). It uses subordinate conjunctions like although, after, because, since, when etc. and relative pronouns like who, which, that etc. Examples:

  a.      Secretary dispatches invitation mails after consulting with the Manager. 

b.     The Supervisor attends the meeting which is organized tomorrow.

Compound-complex Sentence

Compound-complex sentence consists of two independent clauses, and one subordinate clause like:

  a.      The CEO was sitting, and the clerk was typing a letter when I reached the office.

b.     He went to the office and opened the door though it was Saturday.

Sentence Types

Sentences based on functions can be of four types. Declarative Sentence (Statement) (https://youtu.be/rIomf_TQU2g ) makes a statement or tells ideas, facts, and some information about something. It normally ends with a full-stop (.). It can be positive (affirmative) and negative (negation). It has the word order of Subject + verb ……. Examples:

 a.      Cold weather arrived earlier than predicted.

b.     I believe that the school year should be 11 months.

Interrogative Sentence asks a question, wants information and always ends with a question mark (?). It can be a positive or negative sentence. A question can be made with auxiliary verbs(Yes/No) or wh-words (wh question). Word order  is: Wh word + auxiliary + Sub + verb …..? and Auxiliary + Sub + verb …..? Examples:

 a.      Will you attend the meeting tomorrow? (Yes/No)

b.     Has Smith missed his appointment? (Yes/No)

c.      Why are you attending the ceremony? (Wh-question)

d.     How often does she send emails to you? (Wh-question)

Imperative Sentence (https://youtu.be/mbClCwyWZKM ) always starts with the main verb but sometimes ‘Kindly, Please, Never, Don’t’ can be at front of the sentence. It can be positive or negative. ‘You’ is considered a subject. It gives commands, orders, suggestions, makes requests, and prohibitions. Its word order is base verb + ………..Examples:

 a.      Please, bring the file here. ( Request)         d. Fire the gun. ( Command)

b.     Bring me a glass of water. ( Order)  e. Don't dispatch the emails now. ( Prohibition)

c.      Why don't you attend your class regularly? ( Suggestion)

Exclamatory Sentence (Quiz: https://youtu.be/gGw1Udsk4ec ) expresses strong emotion or sudden feelings such as surprise, sorrow, and joy. It always starts with What/ How … and ends with an exclamation mark(!). Word order is: What + Adjective + noun + Sub + verb….! or How + adj / Adverb + Sub + verb …..! Examples:

  a.      Ah, what a glorious day it is! ( Surprise)

b.     Alas! He is dead. ( Sorrow)

c.      Hurrah! We won the match. ( Joy) 

 

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