Class 9 English Unit 5: Ethics, Norms and Values Reading I: Why 'I'm Sorry' Doesn't Always Translate

 

Unit 5: Ethics, Norms, and Values

Getting Started (8 Hours)

Let's observe the four different pictures and ask them to discuss their professional ethics, norms, and values (i.e., what they should do or should not do) as perceived by the doctor, singer, pilot, and teacher. 

·        Ethics: Principles that govern a person's or group's behavior, focusing on what is morally right and wrong.

·        Norms: Standards or patterns of behavior that are typical or expected within a particular society or group.

·        Values: Core beliefs or principles that guide individuals' actions and judgments about what is important in life.

Reading I: Why 'I'm Sorry' Doesn't Always Translate

Click for Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LEmmeOwnsI 

Vocabulary

·        Trip over /trɪp ˈəʊ.və/ - phrasal verb - stumble

·        Unmoved /ʌnˈmuːvd/ - adjective - not affected

·        Effusive /ɪˈfjuː.sɪv/ - adjective - overly expressive

·        Widespread /ˈwaɪd.spred/ - adjective - extensive

·        Malfunctioning /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən.ɪŋ/ - adjective - not working properly

·        Bristled /ˈbrɪs.ld/ - verb - reacted angrily

·        Colliding /kəˈlaɪ.dɪŋ/ - verb - crashing together

·        Prevalent /ˈprev.əl.ənt/ - adjective - common

·        Ritualized /ˈrɪtʃ.u.ə.laɪzd/ - adjective - made into a ritual

·        Inured /ɪˈnjʊəd/ - adjective - accustomed

·        Core /kɔː/ - noun - central part

·        Culpability /ˌkʌl.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ - noun - blameworthiness

·        Traction /ˈtræk.ʃən/ - noun - grip

·        Utility /juːˈtɪl.ɪ.ti/ - noun - usefulness

·        Counterparts /ˈkaʊn.tə.pɑːts/ - noun - equivalents

·        Assertion /əˈsɜː.ʃən/ - noun - claim

·        Inclination /ˌɪn.klɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ - noun - tendency

·        Attribute /əˈtrɪb.juːt/ - verb - regard as caused by

·        Transgression /trænzˈɡreʃ.ən/ - noun - violation

·        Negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ - noun - discussion aimed at agreement

·        Semantic /sɪˈmæn.tɪk/ - adjective - relating to meaning

·        Rush /rʌʃ/ - noun - hurried movement

·        Nuances /ˈnjuː.ɑːnsɪz/ - noun - subtle differences

A.   Find the words or phrases from the text for the following meanings. The first letter has been given.

a.      trip over - to have difficulty saying something clearly or correctly

b.     effusive - showing too much emotion

c.       bristled - became annoyed or offended

d.     inured - accustomed to doing something

e.       culpability - the fact of being responsible

f.       assertion - a statement saying that you strongly believe something to be true

g.      attribute - to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing

h.      semantic - with the meaning of words and sentences

i.       nuance - a very slight difference in meaning

B.    Match the first half in column A with their endings in column B to make complete sentences.

Column A	Column B
a.      Americans did not show	iv. sympathy to Akio Toyoda's effusive apologies
b.     People are accustomed	iii. to an apology in Hong Kong
c.      Japanese use an apology	v. to repair their damaged relationship
d.     American participants seemed	i.       less interested in a second research
e.      Researchers found	ii.  similar patterns in East Asian countries

C.    Answer the questions.

a.      Why did Japan become annoyed with the US submarine commander?

Japan became annoyed with the US submarine commander because he did not apologize after colliding and sinking a Japanese fishing boat in 2001.

b.     How do Americans and Japanese perceive an apology?

Americans see an apology as an admission of wrongdoing but the Japanese get it as an expression of eagerness to repair a damaged relationship.

c.      What, according to the survey, is the average result of an apology in Japanese and American students?

According to the survey, the average result of an apology in Japanese students is 11.05, and in American students is 4.51.

d.     What was displayed in a video show?

The video show displayed the applicant for an accountant job who apologized for having deliberately filed an incorrect tax return for a prior client.

e.      Who were the respondents of the second study?

They were undergraduates in the US and Japan.

f.       How can the executives apply an apology?

The executives can apply an apology as a tool for facilitating negotiations, resolving conflicts, and repairing trust.

Pronunciation

Pronounce the following contracted forms and ask the students to follow them.

I'm - /aɪm/                      You're - /jɔːr/ or /jʊr/               He's - /hiːz/

She's - /ʃiːz/                    It's - /ɪts/                        We're - /wɪər/ or /wɜːr/

They're - /ðɛər/ or /ðer/  I've - /aɪv/                      I'd - /aɪd/     They'll - /ðeɪl/

Click for Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmeNGtRegvM

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