Class 11 English Unit 1: Grammar Language Development Section

 

Grammar (p.9)

Click for Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMPf77EhONg

Word classes

A.    Word class refers to the category of words of similar form or function. Another name of a word class is a part of speech. In the text below, certain words are underlined. While you read, try to identify which word class they belong to.

Most governments around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions in an attempt to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. These nationwide closures are impacting over 60% of the world’s student population. Some 1 billion students and youth across the planet are affected by school and university closures due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Several other countries have implemented localized closures impacting millions of additional learners. UNESCO is supporting countries in their efforts to mitigate the immediate impact of school closures, particularly for more vulnerable and disadvantaged communities, and to facilitate the continuity of education for all through remote learning.

The Global Education Coalition, launched by UNESCO seeks to facilitate inclusive learning opportunities for children and youth during this period of sudden and unprecedented educational disruption. Investment in remote learning should both mitigate the immediate disruption caused by COVID-19 and establish approaches to develop more open and flexible education systems for the future. The Global Coalition members and prospective members are encouraged to pledge for the protection of learners’ personal information, privacy and security. In the text, the underlined words belong to different word classes or parts of speech.

Governments – noun,                temporarily- adverb,        affected – verb,

and- conjunction,                      in- preposition,               Immediate – adjective,

the- determiner

B.     Classify the underlined words into different word classes.

a.       The man who is wearing glasses is my uncle’s friend. (Pronoun and verb)

b.      I bought a round table in the supermarket. (adjective and determiner)

c.       Alas! she is dead. (interjection and verb)

d.      Hari works very hard all the time but his wife is very lazy. (adjective, conjunction, noun and intensifier)

e.       I have never been to Japan. (adverb and preposition)

Exercise for You!

C.     Read a paragraph of an English newspaper and make a list of about 20 words. Categorize them into different ‘Word classes’. You can refer to the grammar book or a dictionary for help.

D.    Say the contracted forms and the full forms of the verbs correctly. Notice that full forms have weak forms of pronunciation.

I'm /aɪm/ feeling tired.                             I am /aɪ əm/feeling tired.

He's /hiz/ watching TV.                          He is /hi ɪz/watching TV.

It’s /ɪts/ ready now.                                  It is /ɪt ɪz/ready now.

She's / ʃiːz/ lost the key.                           She /ʃiː hæz/ has lost the key.

Janak's gone out.                                     Janak has gone out.

We're /wɪə/ working hard.                        We are/wi a:^r /working hard.

I've /aɪv/ composed a song.                      I have /ai hæv/ composed a song.

They'll /ðeɪl/come soon.                          They will /ðeɪ wil/ come soon.

I'd /aɪd/ like to have a cup of tea.              I would / ai wud/ like to have a cup of tea.

Who's / huz/ your favorite singer?           Who is / hu iz/ your favorite singer?

Note that contracted forms of verbs are common in spoken English, but in written English, it’s informal to write contracted forms.

Click for Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmeNGtRegvM

***

Click for Next lesson: