Class 10 English Unit 2: Festivals and Celebrations: Reading I: Battles of Oranges
Complete Guidelines for readings, writings, and grammatical exercises
Unit 2: Festivals and Celebrations
Getting Started
Discuss
the terms 'Festivals' and 'Celebrations' with students in the class and ask
them what, why, how, and when they celebrate their festivals. Also, ask them
about the picture given in the textbook. Sample descriptions can be:
Picture
1: Holi
Holi
is known as the festival of colors. It is a vibrant Hindu celebration typically
observed at the beginning of the spring season. The celebration with colored
powders symbolizes the triumph of good over evil and the arrival of the season
of renewal and growth.
Eid
is one of the most joyous Islamic festivals celebrated by Muslims worldwide. It
marks the end of Ramadan, a month of fasting and spiritual reflection, and is
characterized by communal prayers, festive meals, acts of charity, and the
exchange of gifts as a time of gratitude, unity, and family gatherings.
Picture
3: Machhindranath Jatra
The Machhindranath Jatra, an animated and
ancient festival held in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, is dedicated to the
deity Machhindranath, who is believed to bring rain and prosperity to the
region. This month-long procession involves a massive chariot carrying the idol
of Machhindranath, which is pulled through the streets by enthusiastic
devotees, accompanied by traditional music, dance, and rituals, creating a
colorful and lively spectacle that fosters a sense of community and spiritual
significance.
Picture
4: Biska Jatra
Biska
Jatra is a unique and traditional New Year festival celebrated in the town of
Bhaktapur. This elaborate event, characterized by the pulling of a large
ceremonial chariot and various cultural activities, marks the Nepalese New Year
Bikram Sambat. It is observed with a blend of religious and cultural
significance. The festival symbolizes the renewal of life and the triumph of
good over evil, attracting both locals and tourists to witness its grand
processions and vibrant celebrations.
Reading I: Battle of Oranges
Vocabulary
·
flash /flæʃ/ - verb - to shine brightly for a short time; noun -
a sudden burst of light
·
bum-first /bʌm fɜːst/ - adverb - with the buttocks landing or moving
first
·
mush /mʌʃ/ - noun - soft, thick, or messy substance
·
heck /hɛk/ - interjection - mild exclamation of surprise or
frustration
·
plastered /ˈplɑːstəd/ - adjective - very drunk or covered in a
substance
·
symbol /ˈsɪmbəl/ - noun - something representing an idea or object
·
freedom /ˈfriːdəm/ - noun - the state of being free from
constraints
·
rioting /ˈraɪətɪŋ/ - noun - violent public disorder or protest
·
feudal /ˈfjuːdəl/ - adjective - related to a medieval social
system
·
jerks /dʒɜːks/ - noun - sudden movements or unpleasant people
·
concussion /kənˈkʌʃən/ - noun - brain injury caused by impact
·
shivering /ˈʃɪvərɪŋ/ - verb - shaking from cold or fear
·
succession /səkˈsɛʃən/ - noun - a sequence or order of events
·
retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ - noun - withdrawal or pulling back
·
opponents /əˈpəʊnənts/ - noun - rivals or adversaries
·
clad /klæd/ - adjective - dressed or covered
·
hurl /hɜːl/ - verb - to throw something forcefully
·
sludge /slʌdʒ/ - noun - thick, soft, wet mud or waste
·
pulp /pʌlp/ - noun - soft, wet mass of material
·
stacked /stækt/ - adjective - piled up
·
crates /kreɪts/ - noun - wooden or plastic containers for
transport
·
bagpulpgy
tops /ˈbæɡi tɒps/ - noun - loose-fitting
upper garments
·
bombarding /bɒmˈbɑːdɪŋ/ - verb - attacking continuously or repeatedly
·
explode /ɪkˈspləʊd/ - verb - to burst with force
·
clutch /klʌtʃ/ - verb - to grip tightly
·
sipping /ˈsɪpɪŋ/ - verb - drinking slowly in small amounts
·
mulled /mʌld/ - adjective - heated and spiced (usually referring
to wine)
·
protective /prəˈtɛktɪv/ - adjective - guarding or shielding from harm
·
gigantic /ˌdʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/ - adjective -
extremely large
A. Match the words with their meaning.
(Answers only)
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
a.
mush |
a soft thick mass or texture |
|
b.
jerk |
to make something move with a sudden
short sharp movement |
|
c.
concussion |
a temporary loss of consciousness |
|
d.
hurl |
to throw something violently in a
particular direction |
|
e.
pulp |
the soft part inside the fruits and
vegetables |
|
f.
clutch |
to hold something tightly |
|
g.
sip |
to drink something, taking a very small
amount each time |
B. Write
'True' or 'False' for the following statements.
a. The
tourists are informed to wear a red hat through public notices. True
b. Aranceri
seems dressed in Doctor Whoesque costumes. False
c. When
a card approaches, aranceri runs away from the square. False
d. The
narrator feels bored during the festival period. False
e. The
volunteers encourage the visitors to join the battle. True
f. The
narrator accepts Massi's offer. False
C. Answer
the following questions.
a.
The red hat symbolizes carnival a nd the
freedom of slaves of Roman times.
b.
The narrator feels scared and shocked
thinking it's blood when she wipes her face.
c.
The square looks like covered in thick mud
after an hour- battle of the oranges.
d.
Aranceri members chase the cart by running
alongside it and bombarding it with oranges when it approaches.
e.
Yes, Silvia enjoys this carnival because it
allows her to release her frustrations built up during the year.
f.
Massi says 'Forget the nets' because of being
in the middle of the battle to enjoy it.
Pronunciation
Listen to the teacher. Find the
number of syllables in each word. And, note which of the syllables is stressed.
One has been done for you.
|
Words |
Number of syllables |
Stressed syllable |
|
retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ |
Two |
Second |
|
concussion /kənˈkʌʃ.ən/ |
three |
Second |
|
opponent /əˈpəʊ.nənt/ |
Three |
Second |
|
succession/səkˈseʃ.ən/ |
three |
Second |
|
explode/ɪkˈspləʊd/ |
Two |
Second |
|
celebration/ˌsel.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/ |
Four |
Third |
|
consciousness/ˈkɒn.ʃəs.nəs/ |
Three |
First |
|
liberty /ˈlɪb.ə.ti/ |
Three |
First |
Click for Stress & Syllable Rules: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vu6UVwkUgzc
Speaking
Report the following questions in pairs.
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