Class 11 English Unit 4: Writing
Writing (page 38)
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XctnF7C74s&t=51s
a. Write an email to your friend living abroad stating the contributions of Prithvi Narayan Shah in the unification of Nepal.
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Subject: Contributions of Prithvi Narayan Shah |
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Dear Friend, Namaskar I hope you are fine there. I got your letter that let me know about your curiosity about learning the contributions of Prithvi Narayan Shah in the unification of Nepal. Now, I am writing about how Prithvi Narayan Shah unified the small states to make the whole of Nepal. Prithvi Narayan Shah (1723-1775) was the king of the ruling Shah family of Gorkha, Nepal. He conquered the Nepal Mandala (Malla Kingdom) of Kathmandu Valley in 1769. Then, Kathmandu Valley was separated into Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur. He also established the capital of Nepal in Kathmandu. The Kathmandu Valley was known as Nepal after the Nepal Mandala, the region’s Nepal Bhasa (Newari) name. Then, Shah moved his capital to Gorkha. The unification of Nepal officially began in 1743. King Prithvi Narayan Shah of Gorkha launched an aggressive capture campaign seeking to broaden his own kingdom’s borders. The Shah dynasty would go on to unite the various warring kingdoms. Once occupied parts of present-day Nepal into a nation-state. He stretched up to the Sutlej River in the west and Sikkim-Jalpaiguri in the east. This is much for today. I hope you will send me your response after reading it. Cheers Best Regards, Yashu Pradhan Simara, Bara |
b. The table shows the major political movements in Nepal after the end of the Rana Regime. Write a paragraph on each event with its key contributions to the political landscape of Nepal.
|
S.N. |
Political Movements |
Year (AD) |
|
1 |
Establishment of Democracy |
1951 |
|
2 |
First General Election |
1959 |
|
3 |
Dismissal of the Elected Government |
1960 |
|
4 |
National Referendum |
1980 |
|
5 |
People’s Movement I |
1990 |
|
6 |
People’s Movement II |
2006 |
1. Establishment of Democracy (1951)
The parliamentary democracy was introduced in Nepal in 1951 AD. It is also known as Sat Salko Kranti because it was begun in 2007 Bikram Samvat. It was a political movement against the direct rule by the Rana dynasty of Nepal, which lasted for 104 years. It marks the beginning of the political awakening and democratic movements in Nepal. It resulted in the immediate abolition of the institutionalized hereditary Prime Minister system in Nepal. It was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs in 1960 and 2005.
2. First General Election (1959)
The First General Elections were held in Nepal from 18 February to 3 April 1959. Elections were held to elect the 109 members of the first House of Representatives. It was the lower house of the Parliament of Nepal. Elections were held under the provisions of the 1959 constitution, which had been adopted on 12 February. More than 4.25 million people out of an overall population of about 8.55 million (1954) were eligible to vote. Voter turnout was 42.18%. The result was a victory for the Nepali Congress, winning 74 of the 109 seats with 38% of the vote. B. P. Koirala became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of Nepal. He was the 22nd Prime Minister of Nepal.
3. Dismissal of Elected Government (1960)
On 15 December 1960, King Mahendra suspended the elected Government of Nepal. He dissolved the elected parliament, dismissed the cabinet, and imposed direct rule. He imprisoned Prime Minister B.P. Koirala and his closest government colleagues. King Mahendra instituted the rule of the Panchayat System. It was a variant of guided democracy. King Mahendra claimed that the Congress government had raised corruption, promoted party above national interest, failed to maintain law and order, and encouraged anti-national elements.
4. National Referendum (1980)
The referendum is called Janmat-Sangrah in Nepali. Many students made protests against King Birendra's rule in the spring of 1979. Then King Birendra made a public declaration on 23 May 1979 that a referendum would be held with the people of Nepal. Voters were offered the choice between a panchayat system and a multi-party system. On 21 January 1980, King Birendra published the Referendum Rules. In the referendum, it was stated, 'His Majesty shall make such provisions in the Constitution of Nepal as may deem necessary. The panchayat system received a majority of 54.99% whereas the multi-party system only received 45.2% of the total votes. Voter turnout was 66.9%.
5. People’s Movement I (1990)
The movement is called Jana-Andolan in Nepali. People's Movement I 1990 was a multiparty movement in Nepal. It was officially started on 18 February 1990, which is Democracy Day in Nepal. This movement brought an end to absolute monarchy and marked the beginning of the constitutional monarchy. It also eliminated the panchayat system. All Communist parties, the Nepali Congress, and the formation of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist Leninist) came together for this movement. To prevent the movement, the government arrested national and district-level leaders of both political parties. The government also banned all opposition newspapers.
6. People’s Movement II (2006)
People's Movement II is also known as the Democracy Movement.
The Democracy Movement is called Loktantra-Andolan in Nepali. People's Movement II 2006 was a multiparty movement in Nepal. This name is given to the political agitations against the undemocratic rule of King Gyanendra of Nepal. In a nationally televised address, King Gyanendra reinstated the old Nepal House of Representatives on 24 April 2006. The King called upon the Seven Party Alliance (SPA) to bear the responsibility of the nation on the path to national unity and prosperity. He also suggested ensuring permanent peace and safeguarding multiparty democracy. The reinstatement of the parliament was accepted by the SPA. SPA declared that Girija Prasad Koirala would hold elections for a body that would write a new constitution.
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